There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
Bafilomycin A1, a macrolide antibiotic, is a potent and selective inhibitor of V-type H+-ATPase, and could disrupt pH regulation[1][2]. Bafilomycin A1 also showed moderate inhibition on ElE2 ATPases like K+-dependent (Kdp) ATPase from Escherichia coli, the Na+,K+-ATPase from ox brain, and the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum, but F1Fo ATPases from bacteria and mitochondria are not affected by Bafilomycin A1[1]. Bafilomycin A1 can disrupt both autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome acidification constitute late steps in the autophagic process necessary to maintain functional autophagic flux and cellular homeostasis. Bafilomycin A1 induced a significant increase in cytosolic calcium concentration and disrupted Ca-P60A/SERCA-mediated fusion[3].
作用機制
Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by independently inhibiting V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion.[3]
Bafilomycin A1 nearly completely inhibited the proton pumping activity of V-ATPase at nanomolar concentrations
Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 19;12(1):1782.
HeLa cells
100 nM
5 h
BafA 1 treatment increased the area of LAMP1-positive structures, indicating inhibition of lysosomal degradation capacity.
Autophagy. 2018;14(8):1435-1455.
U2OS cells
100 nM
5 h
BafA 1 treatment increased the area of LAMP1-positive structures, indicating inhibition of lysosomal degradation capacity.
Autophagy. 2018;14(8):1435-1455.
Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages
200 nM
2 h
Induction of SQSTM1 accumulation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages by serum starvation and BafA treatment
Autophagy. 2023 Oct;19(10):2789-2799.
EBV-transformed B cells
200 nM
2 h
Induction of SQSTM1 accumulation in EBV-transformed B cells by serum starvation and BafA treatment
Autophagy. 2023 Oct;19(10):2789-2799.
Jurkat cells
200 nM
2 h
Induction of SQSTM1 accumulation in Jurkat cells by serum starvation and BafA treatment
Autophagy. 2023 Oct;19(10):2789-2799.
U2OS cells
200 nM
2.5 h
To investigate the effect of BafA1 on autophagosome-lysosome fusion, the results showed that BafA1 treatment for 2.5 h does not inhibit fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, but leads to the accumulation of LC3-positive material inside autolysosomes.
Autophagy. 2022 Dec;18(12):3004-3022.
Primary rat cortical neurons
10 nM
24 h
To assess the effects of Bafilomycin A1 on cellular bioenergetics, the results showed that Bafilomycin A1 significantly inhibited key parameters of mitochondrial function and increased mtDNA damage.
Induction of light chain 3-GFP level in human H4 cells at 0.4 uM after 24 hrs by high throughput fluorescence microscopy relative to control
18024584
human HeLa cells
400 nM
Function assay
Induction of autophagy in human HeLa cells expressing EGFP-LC3 assessed as increase in LC3-2 level at 400 nM
18391949
human MCF7 cells
Function assay
4 h
Inhibition of rapamycin-induced autophagy in human MCF7 cells expressing EGFP-LC3 assessed as decrease in EGFP levels at 100 nM after 4 hrs by Western blotting relative to control
20028134
mouse RAW264.7 cells
100 nM
Apoptosis assay
16 h
Induction of apoptosis in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as late apoptotic cells at 100 nM after 16 hrs using annexin V-propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry
19307359
RAW 264.7 cells
100 nM
Function assay
Antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium 14028 infected in RAW 264.7 cells assessed as increased nitric oxide production in infected cells at 100 nM
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